HTML Interview Questions - Viva questions

HTML is a widely used language that gives our webpage a structure. HTML stands for HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE. HTML was created by Berners lee in 1991. A markup language is a set of markups tags. Every webpage is created in HTML. HTML documents are described by HTML tags.

HTML Stands for Hypertext Markup Language. This language is basically used for creating web applications and also for web pages as well. It is a standard markup language with cascading style sheets and JavaScript which form a triad for WWW i.e. worldwide Web.HTML came into existence in 1980 when a great computer professor Sir Tim Berners Lee (a contractor and author of HTML) proposed an idea in CERN, to basically sharing and using documents. So in this way, a great language came into existence.

Basically, in 1980, A great physicist Sir Tim Berners -Lee who is a contractor at CERN proposed the way through which documents can be shared easily. So, he prototyped ENQUIRE (a system for CERN), which would help researchers to use and share documents.HTML Tags was basically the first publicly description of HTML which was first mentioned by Tim Berners Lee in late 1991. He is usually the professor of computer programming. He is the author of HTML which is treated to be as the foremost computer languages of all the times. His idea of writing this language brought a tycoon in the computer technology world and also nowadays it is also much popular and most trending.

A Physical tag has physical text which is used to tell the browser how to display the text enclosed in the physical tag.

Example for the physical tags are: <big>, <b>, <i>

Logical tags are used to tell the meaning of the enclosed text in it. The example of the logical tag is <Important>….</Important> tag. When we enclose text in Important tag then it tell the browser that enclosed text is more important than other text.

If you go and have a look at HTML markup for any webpage today, you will let to know that HTML elements are contained within other HTML elements. These elements which are inside of other are known as nested elements and they had become the essential part of building any web page nowadays. The most expertise way to know more about nesting is just to think about HTML tags in the form of boxes that hold your content which can be in form of text, images,etc.HTML tags are basically the boxes around the content.

XHTML means Extensible Hypertext Markup Language, which is basically a part of Family of XML markup language. It usually extends the most popularly used HTML i.e. Hypertext Markup Language, the pages in which the web pages are formulated.

Example:

<table border cellspacing=3>
<table border cellpadding=3>
<table border cellspacing=3 cellpadding=3>

People always confuse in understanding terms elements and tags in HTML. It must be noted that HTML documents contain tags, but do not contain the elements. It is a wide misconception that usually occurs in mind that both exist in HTML documents.elements are usually only generated after parsing step from these tags.

An HTML element is basically an individual component usually of an HTML  web page or document. Once if this has been also parsed into the document object model.HTML nodes are the main part that composes HTML for example such as text nodes.HTML attributes can be specified from each node. Content, including other nodes and text, together with build up a node. Semantics or meanings are mostly represented by many HTML nodes. Let us take an example of a title node represents the title of the document.

<a href="mailto:someone@example.com?Subject=Hello%20again" target="_top">Send Mail</a>

DOCTYPE or Document Type Declaration is a type of instruction which usually works in association with particular SGML or XML documents basically. Let us take an example to understand it more thoroughly, for example, A Web page with a document type definition i.e. DTD is the best to understand. In a well serialized and a proper form of the document, It manifests and also the contribution of it is a lot as a short string of markup that usually conforms to a particular syntax.

HTML supports a wide range of media formats for sound, music, videos, movies, and animations. Below is the list extensions supported by each media format.

HTML supports 6 types of heading tags they are H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, and H6. H1 is the highest and most important heading tag.

Semantic HTML or Semantic Markup is HTML that introduces meaning to the web page rather than just presentation.

<form>, <table>, and <article> are examples of Semantic Elements.

Below are the list of few new Semantic Elements introducted HTML5

• <article>
• <aside>
• <details>
• <figcaption>
• <figure>
• <footer>
• <header>
• <main>
• <mark>
• <nav>
• <section>
• <summary>
• <time>

Tim Berner Lee(Tim Berners-Lee) is known as the father of "World Wide Web".

HTML tag is just opening or closing entity.

Example: <p> and </p> are called HTML tags

HTML element encompasses opening tag, closing tag, content (optional for content-less tags)

Example: <p>This is the content</p> : This complete thing is called an HTML element

source: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8937384/what-is-the-difference-between-html-tags-and-elements

Grouping is used to group several HTML controls like input, textarea, selects as well as labels ( <label>) within a web form. In HTML <fieldset> element is used for Grouping.

The <fieldset> is a tag in HTML that is used to group related elements in a form. It draws a box around the related elements.

The difference between span and div is that a span element is in-line and usually used for a small chunk of HTML inside a line (such as inside a paragraph) whereas a div (division) element is block-line (which is basically equivalent to having a line-break before and after it) and used to group larger chunks of code.

<div id="scissors">
    <p>This is <span class="paper">crazy</span></p>
</div>

Further Reading: 

http://www.htmldog.com/guides/html/intermediate/spandiv/

Div is a division tag in HTML. It helps us to divide our page into different sections. Div is a block element.

Syntax

<div> Your content</div>

A block level element in HTML always starts with a new line on document and expand to full width of the page or container. <address>, <p>,<dir>,<div>,<figure>, <header> are few examples of block level elements in HTML.

Empty tags in html are tags with no content.Empty tag element are singular tag and no closing tag is required. Examples of empty tags are <br/>, <link>,<meta>,<image>,<hr/> etc

Inline text or inline elements does not cause a line break on a HTML Page or container they takes only space bounded by its opening and closing tag. <span>, <a>, <b>,<input>, <kbd>, <label> are few examples of inline elements in HTML.

Id attribute in HTML is used to uniquely identify an element in HTML DOM. You can use id attribute as a CSS/jquery selector to style or perform some dom related action on element.

An unordered list (<ul>) is used to create a bulleted list in HTML. Below is a simple example to create bulleted list in HTML.

<p>Fruits List</p>
<ul>
<li>Apple</li>
<li>Banana</li>
<li>Mango</li>
</ul>

Head tag (<head>) in Html is used to specify important information (metadata) about certain webpage.Common elements placed between <head> tag of html are <base>, <link>, <meta>, <noscript>, <script>, <style> <title>

An HTML document is a file used for displaying Hypertext, media, and information on web. It is written in hypertext markup language and contains HTML tags with information.HTML document is either saved with .html or .htm extension.

The basic structure of HTML document looks like

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Your Page Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>First Heading</h1>
        <p>Paragraph Text.</p>
    </body>
</html>

The basic purpose of using alternative texts is to define what the image is about. During an image mapping, it can be confusing and difficult to understand what hotspots correspond to a particular link. These alternative texts come in action here and put a description at each link which makes it easy for users to understand the hotspot links easily.

Image mapping lets a user to link one image to different web pages in and out of the website. It is the process of defining special shapes inside an image and link it to different destinations.

Yes, Collapsing white spaces is one good way of writing HTML codes in an organized way. White spaces act similar to a single-spaced character and occupy the same size as rest of the characters. By collapsing multiple white spaces, we can indent lines of text and make the code more readable.

Copyright symbol can be either copied and pasted from other sources. Or, you can also add it by writing a small piece of code: &copy; or & #169; in the required page

HTML DOM is an object model for HTML and Application Programming Interface(API) for Javascript to work with HTML elements, properties and their methods.