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CodeIgniter Interview Questions
- Dhirendra Nishad
- 06th Feb, 2023
- 357 Followers
CodeIgniter Interview Questions
What is CodeIgniter?
CodeIgniter is easy to use an open-source MVC based framework for PHP. It is a loosely coupled framework that is used for the rapid development of websites and mobile APIs.Here you can read about CodeIgniter helpers, sessions, hooks, Routing, Constants ORM supported by Codeigniter and more.
Quick Questions About CodeIgniter
CodeIgniter is written In | PHP Programming Language |
CodeIgniter is a | Open Source Loosely Coupled MVC Framework |
CodeIgniter is developed By | BCIT Recreation Services |
CodeIgniter is based on | MVC architectural pattern |
CodeIgniter Dependencies | Php 5.6+,MYSQL 5.1+,PDO Driver |
CodeIgniter Licence | MIT License |
CodeIgniter Features | Lightweight, Pagination, Localization, FTP class, Data Encryption, Session Management, etc. |
Key Responsibilities of CodeIgniter Developer
As a CodeIgniter developer, some of the key responsibilities you may be expected to have include:
- Write clean, efficient, and well-documented code.
- Develop and maintain web applications built with the CodeIgniter framework.
- Collaborating with team members, designers, and stakeholders to deliver high-quality software.
- Debugging and troubleshooting issues in the application.
- Keep up-to-date with the latest web development trends and technologies.
- Ensure the application is secure and protected against potential threats.
- Create and maintain technical documentation.
- Optimize the application's performance and scalability.
CodeIgniter Interview Questions For Beginners
1) Explain what is Codeigniter?
CodeIgniter is a powerful MVC based PHP framework with a very small footprint, built for developers who need a simple and elegant toolkit to create full-featured web applications.
2) What is the current version of Codeigniter?
As on Sept 19, 2019 CodeIgniter 3.1.11 is the latest version of the framework. You can download it from here
3) How to check the version of CodeIgniter framework?
In system/core/CodeIgniter.php, check CI_VERSION constant value define(‘CI_VERSION’, ‘3.0.6’);
4) List Databases supported By Codeigniter Frameworks?
Following Databases supported are supported by Codeigniter Frameworks
- MySQL (5.1+) via the MySQL (deprecated), MYSQLI and PDO drivers
- Oracle via the oci8 and PDO drivers
- PostgreSQL via the Postgre and PDO drivers
- MS SQL via the MsSQL, Sqlsrv (version 2005 and above only) and PDO drivers
- SQLite via the SQLite (version 2), sqlite3 (version 3) and PDO drivers
- CUBRID via the Cubridand PDO drivers
- Interbase/Firebird via the iBase and PDO drivers
- ODBC via the ODBC and PDO drivers (you should know that ODBC is actually an abstraction layer)
5) List some features provided by CodeIgniter?
- Framework with a small footprint
- Simple solutions over complexity
- Clear documentation
- Exceptional performance
- Strong Security
- Nearly zero configuration
6) Explain helpers in CodeIgniter and how to load helper file?
As the name suggests, helpers help you with tasks.Each helper file is simply a collection of functions in a particular category.They are simple, procedural functions.Each helper function performs one specific task, with no dependence on other functions.
CodeIgniter does not load Helper Files by default, so the first step in using a Helper is to load it. Once loaded, it becomes globally available in your controller and views.
Helpers are typically stored in your system/helpers, or application/helpers directory
Loading a helper file is quite simple using the following method:
$this->load->helper('name');
Where name is the file name of the helper, without the .php file extension or the “helper” part.
Read More
7) Explain routing in CodeIgniter?
In Software engineering routing is the process of taking a URI endpoint (that part of the URI which comes after the base URL) and decomposing it into parameters to determine which module, controller, and action of that controller should receive the request.In Codeigniter typically there is a one-to-one relationship between a URL string and its corresponding controller class/method.The segments in a URI normally follow this pattern:example.com/class/function/id/.In CodeIgniter, all routing rules are defined in your application/config/routes.php file.
8) What are hooks in CodeIgniter? List them?
CodeIgniter’s Hooks feature provides a way to modify the inner workings or functionality of the framework without hacking the core files.
The following is a list of available hook points.
- pre_system Called very early during system execution.
- pre_controller Called immediately prior to any of your controllers being called.
- post_controller_constructor Called immediately after your controller is instantiated, but prior to any method calls happening.
- post_controller Called immediately after your controller is fully executed.
- display_override Overrides the _display() method.
- cache_override Enables you to call your own method instead of the _display_cache() method in the Output Library. This permits you to use your own cache display mechanism.
- post_system Called after the final rendered page is sent to the browser, at the end of system execution after the finalized data is sent to the browser.
9) List Common Functions in Codeigniter?
CodeIgniter uses a few functions for its operation that are globally defined, and are available to you at any point. These do not require loading any libraries or helpers.
- is_php($version)
- is_really_writable($file)
- config_item($key)
- set_status_header($code[, $text = ”])
- remove_invisible_characters($str[, $url_encoded = TRUE])
- html_escape($var)
- get_mimes()
- is_https()
- is_cli()
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10) How do you set default timezone in Codeigniter ?
To set default timezone in Codeigniter open application/config.php file and add below code in it.
date_default_timezone_set('your timezone');
11) How to add / link an images/CSS/JavaScript from a view in CI?
In Codeigniter, you can link images/CSS/JavaScript by using the absolute path to your resources.
Something like below
// References your $config['base_url'] <img src="<?php echo site_url('images/myimage.jpg'); ?>" />
12) What is inhibitor are Codeigniter?
An inhibitor is an error handling class in Codeigniter. It uses PHP ‘s native functions like register_shutdown_function , set_exception_handler, set_error_handler to handle parse errors, exceptions, and fatal errors.
13) How can you remove index.php from URL in Codeigniter?
Follow below steps to index.php from URL in Codeigniter
- Step 1: Open config.php and replaces
$config['index_page'] = "index.php" to $config['index_page'] = "" and $config['uri_protocol'] ="AUTO" to $config['uri_protocol'] = "REQUEST_URI"
- Step 2: Change your .htaccess file to
RewriteEngine on RewriteCond $1 !^(index\.php|[Javascript / CSS / Image root Folder name(s)]|robots\.txt) RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php/$1 [L]
14) How will you add or load a model in Codeigniter?
In Codeigniter, models will typically be loaded and called from within your controller methods. To load a model you will use the following method:
$this->load->model('model_name');
If your model is located in a sub-directory, include the relative path from your model’s directory. For example, if you have a model located at application/models/blog/Posts.php you’ll load it using:
$this->load->model('blog/Posts');
Once your Model loaded, you will access its methods using an object with the same name as your controller:
Example
class Blog_controller extends CI_Controller { public function blog() { $this->load->model('blog'); $data['query'] = $this->blog->get_last_ten_entries(); $this->load->view('blog', $data); } }
15) What are Sessions In CodeIgniter? How to read, write or remove session in CodeIgniter?
Sessions in CodeIgniter
In CodeIgniter Session class allows you maintain a user’s “state” and track their activity while they are browsing your website.
In order to use session, you need to load Session class in your controller.
$this->load->library(‘session’); method is used to sessions in CodeIgniter
$this->load->library('session');
Once loaded, the Sessions library object will be available using:
$this->session
Reading session data in CodeIgniter
Use $this->session->userdata(); method of session class to read session data in CodeIgniter.
Usage
$this->session->userdata('your_key');
You can also read a session data by using the magic getter of CodeIgniter Session Class
Usage
$this->session->item
Where an item is the name of the key you want to retrieve.
Creating a session in CodeIgniter
Session’s Class set_userdata() method is used to create a session in CodeIgniter. This method takes an associative array containing your data that you want to add in session.
Example
$newdata = array( 'username' => 'johndoe', 'email' => 'johndoe@some-site.com', 'logged_in' => TRUE ); $this->session->set_userdata($newdata);
If you want to add userdata one value at a time, set_userdata() also supports this syntax:
$this->session->set_userdata('some_name', 'some_value');
Removing Session Data
Session’s Class unset_userdata() method is used to remove a session data in CodeIgniter. Below are example usages of same.
Unset particular key
$this->session->unset_userdata('some_key');
Unset an array of item keys
$array_items = array('username', 'email'); $this->session->unset_userdata($array_items);
Read More https://www.codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/sessions.html
16) How to get last inserted id in CodeIgniter?
CodeIgniter DB Class insert_id() method is used to get last insert id.
Usage:
function add_post($post_data){ $this->db->insert('posts', $post_data); $insert_id = $this->db->insert_id(); return $insert_id; }
17) How you will use or load CodeIgniter libraries
$this->load->library(‘library_name’); method is used to load a library in CodeIgniter.
Usage:
//Loading Cart library
$this->load->library('cart');
Using Cart library methods
$data = array( 'id' => 'sku_9788C', 'qty' => 1, 'price' => 35.95, 'name' => 'T-Shirt', 'options' => array('Size' => 'L', 'Color' => 'Red') ); $this->cart->insert($data);
18) What is the CLI? Why we use CLI in Codeigniter?
CLI is a text-based command-line interface for interacting with computers via a set of commands.
In Codeigniter, we can use CLI for
- Run your cronjobs without needing to use wget or curl
- Make your cron-jobs inaccessible from being loaded in the URL by checking the return value of is_cli().
- Make interactive “tasks” that can do things like set permissions, prune cache folders, run backups, etc.
- Helps to integrate Codeigniter with other applications in other languages. For example, a random C++ script could call one command and run code in your models!
19) How to do 301 redirects in CodeIgniter?
We can use redirect helper to do 301 redirects in Codeigniter.
Syntax :
redirect($uri = '', $method = 'auto', $code = NULL)
Parameter:
$uri (string) – URI string $method (string) – Redirect method (‘auto’, ‘location’ or ‘refresh’) $code (string) – HTTP Response code (usually 302 or 303)
Return type: void
Sample Usage:-
redirect('/posts/13', 'New location', 301);
20) How to check a field or column exists in a table or not in Codeigniter?
Code for Checking a field or column exists or not in a Codeigniter table.
if ($this->db->field_exists('field_name', 'table_name')) { // some code... }
21) What is_cli() method does in Codeigniter?
In Codeigniter is_cli() method is used to check request is from the command line or not.
Returns TRUE if the application is run through the command line and FALSE if not.
22) Explain Codeigniter’s application Flow Chart?
Below images give you an understanding of how data flows throughout the system in Codeigniter.
- The index.php serves as the front controller, initializing the base
resources needed to run CodeIgniter. - The Router examines the HTTP request to determine what should be done
with it. - If a cache file exists, it is sent directly to the browser, bypassing
the normal system execution. - Security. Before the application controller is loaded, the HTTP
request and any user submitted data are filtered for security. - The Controller loads the model, core libraries, helpers, and any
other resources needed to process the specific request. - The finalized View is rendered then sent to the web browser to be
seen. If caching is enabled, the view is cached first so that on
subsequent requests it can be served.
Source: https://www.codeigniter.com/user_guide/overview/appflow.html
23) How to set or get config variables in Codeigniter?
Below is the way to set or get a config variable in Codeigniter
// Setting a config variable dynamically $this->config->set_item('variable_name', value); // Getting value of config variable in Codeigniter. $this->config->item('variable_name');
24) How to delete a record in Codeigniter?
//DELETE FROM table WHERE id = $id $conditions =['id' => $id] $this->db->delete('table_name', $conditions); // Deleting records from more than one tables in one go $id=1; $tables = array('table1', 'table2', 'table3'); $this->db->where('id', $id); $this->db->delete($tables);
25) How to implement validations in Codeigniter?
You can implement form validations in Codeigniter using a form_validation library. Below is simple server-side validation in Codeigniter.
In your Controller
$this->load->helper(array('form')); /* Load form validation library */ $this->load->library('form_validation'); /* Set validation rule for name field in the form */ $this->form_validation->set_rules('firstname', 'FirstName', 'required'); if ($this->form_validation->run() == FALSE) { $this->load->view('myform'); } else { $this->load->view('formsuccess'); }
In your View
<?php echo validation_errors(); ?>
26) What is the default URL pattern used in Codeigniter framework?
abc.com/user/edit/ramesh
The default URL pattern in CodeIgniter consists of 4 main components. They are :
- A server name (abc.com)
- A Controller (user)
- An Action or method (edit)
- An optional action parameter (ramesh)
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27) How to get random records in MySQL using CodeIgniter?
// Getting random rows from database in CodeIgniter $this->db->select('*'); $this->db->from('table_name'); $this->db->order_by("column_name", "random"); $result = $this->db->get()->result();
28) Why CodeIgniter is called as loosely based MVC framework?
Codeigniter Is Called a loosely based MVC framework, this is because unlike others the controllers’ classes such as models and views are not mandatory in CodeIgniter. Moreover, one can modify CodeIgniter to utilize HMVC as well.
29) What is an ORM, List ORM’s for CodeIgniter?
- DataMapper
- Doctrine
- Gas ORM
30) Explain URL Helper? Can you list some commonly used URL helpers in Codeigniter?
31) List the resources that can be autoloaded in Codeigniter?
- Classes found in the libraries/ directory
- Helper files found in the helpers/ directory
- Custom config files found in the config/ directory
- Language files found in the system/language/ directory
- Models found in the models/ folder
To autoload resources, open the application/config/autoload.php file and add the item you want loading to the autoload array. You’ll find instructions in that file corresponding to each type of item.
32) In which files routes are defined in Codeigniter?
All Routing rules in Codeigniter are defined in your application/config/routes.php file.
33) In which directory logs are saved in Codeigniter? How to enable error logging in Codeigniter?
By default, all logs in Codeigniter are stored in logs/ directory. To enable error logging you must set the “threshold” for logging in application/config/config.php. Also, your logs/ must be writable.
$config['log_threshold'] = 1;
34) How many types of messages can you log in Codeigniter?
There are three message types in Codeigniter. They are :
- Error Messages. These are actual errors, such as PHP errors or user errors.
- Debug Messages. These are messages that assist in debugging. For example, if a class has been initialized, you could log this as debugging info.
- Informational Messages. These are the lowest priority messages, simply giving information regarding some process.
35) How to set csrf token in codeIgniter?
Csrf is used to set the protection in CodeIgniter. To set csrf, you have to put the corresponding config value True.
Syntax: $config['csrf_protection'] = TRUE;
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