UML interview questions

UML stands for the Unified Modelling Language and it is also a graphical language for visualization, construction and documenting for the artifacts of any of the system. You can efficiently create the blueprints for various aspects before the actual physical implementation of the system occurs.

There are basically three types of modeling used

• Architectural modeling
• Behavioral modeling
• Structural Modeling.

Before the actual building up of an object-oriented software system, there are generally 5 views-

• Use case view - it exposes the requirements of any system.
• Design view - it captures the vocabulary of the system.
• Process view - this view models the distribution across the system.
• Implementation view - this view addresses the implementation of the system.
• Deployment view - this view focuses over the components which are required for the deployment of the system.

There are a number of advantages for creating any model like:

• They help to document the entire system.
• They help to make templates for the construction in the system.
• They help in the visualization of the system.
• The structural dimensions of a system can be specified.
• Modeling is entirely accepted by the engineering technique.

The most frequently used modeling diagrams are 9 in number. These are as:

• Use case diagram
• Class diagram
• Object diagram
• Sequence diagram
• State chart diagram
• Collaboration diagram
• Activity diagram
• Component diagram
• Deployment diagram

Architecture means with the structural and behavioral aspects of the entire software system. It significantly monitors over the software usage and the functionality evolving around it. With architecture, the entire performance is economical and all the technical constants can be well managed.

SDLC stands for the software development life cycle and it is an amalgamation of the number of processes. This entire life cycle is divided into several phases. The major of them are:

• Use case driven
• Architecture-centric
• Iterative
• Incremental

Messages are the specifications for any sort of communication. When a message is passed then the estimated action is expected which is basically a statement for the execution that held prior. Dynamic diagrams are also called the behavioral diagrams. The names of few of the dynamic diagrams are:

• Use case diagram
• Sequence diagram
• Collaboration diagram
• Activity diagram
• Statechart diagram.

Static diagrams are also known as the structural diagrams. They are known by the following names-

• Class diagram
• Object diagram
• Component diagram
• Deployment diagram.

There are basically three types of elements of a collaborative diagram:

• Object - the interaction in a system always takes place between two objects. An object is always depicted by a rectangle with the name of the object. This is preceded by a colon and an underline.
• Relation - it is also known as an association which is always among the objects which are linked with the connection in a system. They are depicted by placing the qualifiers on both ends.
• Message - An instance of communication from one point to the other significant point or destination is a message. It always depicts the interaction that is offering between the objects in a system. The sequence of this interaction is directly shown by the number.

The significant elements which are used in activity diagrams are:

• Activities - it indicates the action which has to be performed or had been performed in the system.
• Transitions - they are represented by an arrow and used to indicate the floor that is occurring among the elements in the diagram.
• Decision points - in the system the logical branching is highlighted by the decision points.
• States - these are indicated in order to mention the milestones for the processing of activity diagrams and is shown by a rounded rectangle.

Sequence diagrams basically show the way of processing or the execution of the process with any of the sequence. Sequence diagrams are entirely focused on the representative interaction among different objects.

On the other hand, activity diagrams actually detect the following phases-

• Depicts the operational workflow in a system.
• Shows the actions and sequences for a number of objects.

There are basically three different kinds of relationships which are -

• Dependencies - They are the relationship between two different entities. If any single entity is changed then the impact would be laid on the other too. It also depicts that one class use another class as an argument in the signature of the operation.
• Generalization - In this relationship, the specified class and subclass ratio is evaluated. It also depicts that one entity inherits the properties of the other entity.
• Association - Association is a structural relationship between two different objects.

• Modules are known as component diagrams which include the physical computers as a node and display the different packages inside it is a component.
• Packages are used to organize the different classes, all at one place.
• Wrappers are collectively used to constitute the multiple packages which include the content from it.

The deployment program consists of the –

• Nodes
• Components
• Dependencies
• Links

The elements which are in the state chart diagram are:

• Initial state
• State
• Transition
• Event and action
• Final state