What is database normalization? Explain types of it.

In SQL, normalization of data is a process through with data is organized in tables used for the reduction of redundancy and dependency of data. It divides large tables into smaller ones using some set of rules.

Types of normalization:

• 1NF: The rules of 1NF are that each table must contain a single value and records are required to be unique.
• 2NF: The rules of 2NF are that the table must be in 1NF and must possess a single-column primary key.
• 3NF: The rules of 3NF are that the table must be in 2NF and must not have any transitive functional dependencies.
• BCNF: The rules of the Boyce Codd Normal form is that it must be in 3 NF and must not have more than one candidate key.